The Bell Birds.

Any of several unrelated birds from various locations around the world that are named for their ringing voices.

Four bellbird species live in Central and South America and constitute the genus Procnias, although only one, the white bellbird (P. alba), has a call that can actually be described as “bell-like.” Females are drably coloured, but the males are mostly or entirely white. Only the males vocalize, and in three of the four species, the males possess fleshy ornamentation on the head. The white bellbird has a tapering black spike, sparsely feathered, on the forehead. The mossy-throated, bearded, or black-winged bellbird (P. averano) has many thin wattles hanging from the throat. The three-wattled bellbird (P. tricarunculata), confined to Central America, has three bill wattles. One hangs from each corner of the mouth, and other dangles from the bill’s upper base, each wattle measuring about one-third the length of the entire 30-cm (12-inch) bird. The naked-throated bellbird (P. nudicollis) has a green face and throat. These jay-sized, fruit-eating birds produce calls that can be heard for long distances.

The tropical American bellbirds are difficult to observe because they prefer the tops of large trees. With their wide gapes, they can swallow fruit whole; the seeds are later regurgitated. The bellbirds belong to a larger group of New World birds called cotingas (see family Cotingidae).

Other species not related to Procnias are also called bellbirds. Anthornis melanura of New Zealand is a honeyeater (family Meliphagidae) that lives in virgin forest; both sexes sing in beautifully chiming choruses, and both sexes of this 23-cm (9-inch) bird are dark green in colour.

Manorina melanophrys, often called the bell miner, is an olive-coloured Australian honeyeater with an orange bill and legs. It has a short bell-like call.

The crested bellbird (Oreoica gutturalis), also of Australia, is a whistler (see thickhead) with bristles around its nostrils. This species is a member of the Old-World flycatchers (family Muscicapidae).

Let’s get focus on Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculata).

Habitat

Usually, the bellbird is found in middle to upper forest levels within lowland to montane regions between 900-3,000 m or higher. It is usually found in lower elevations outside the breeding season.

Range

The Three-wattled Bellbird lives between eastern Honduras and western Panama.

Physical Description

An abrasive BONK is often heard in the muted sounds of the forests where this Bellbird perches. The male’s well-projected call can be heard up to half a kilometer away, especially because the bellbird often sings in the highest branches of the canopy. The Three-Wattled Bellbird is named for the male’s three skinny, extended gray-black wattles-worm-looking skin structures-which hang from his bill.

The female lacks these wattles, and in fact looks entirely different from the male. Adults of both sexes have a sturdy, heavy body and a large black bill. The female is olive green with thin yellow lines on her head, a skinny yellow eye-ring, and a bright yellow underside with wide dark olive-green stripes. The female is thusly well hidden among the lush green of the canopy. The male, on the other hand, is shrouded with a bright white on its head, neck and chest, and a solid chestnut-rufous color over the rest of its body.

Interesting Biology

In the breeding season these birds stay in the middle to upper zones of montane forests. During the rest of the year, they may spend time at lower levels or in secondary growth and tall trees in semi-open areas. They forage for tree fruits by sallying, or repeatedly returning to a certain perch between trips to food targets.

Males display and BONK from perches that expose them above the rest of the canopy. They establish territories around these branches and spend much of their time there, especially during the breeding season from March to June when they leave only briefly to feed. They do not sing melodies as much as tones that may be wooden, metallic, or bell-like, from a BONK or BRENK to a jreet or other single notes. While they project these loud sounds, the males stretch open their huge, gaping black mouths and make their wattles quiver. The large mouth allows the bird to swallow larger fruits as well as signal threat when a visitor enters his territory. The male will approach the intruder and bonk! near its head and intimidate with his monstrously large black mouth and wobbling wattles. When the visitor is a female bellbird, however, the male performs display flights from perch to perch, and comes close to the female to bonk! in her ear; this excites the female, and the two may proceed with courtship rituals. She will depart from him afterwards to build a nest and raise the chicks alone.

Diet

The Three-Wattled Bellbird swallows the fruits of trees, particularly those in the Lauraceae family, of which the avocado is a member.

Height/Weight

Adult male bellbirds are 30 cm long and weigh 220 g; the smaller females are 25 cm long and weigh 145 g.

Brief Taxonomy

Order: Passeriformes

Family: Cotingidae

Links:

(https://www.britannica.com/animal/bellbird)

(https://www.anywhere.com/flora-fauna/bird/three-wattled-bellbird)